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- Today many authors consider modelling as the core of automatic problem solving [DBMS:Dittrich, RE:Loucopoulos, OOA:Coad&Yourdon, KBS-KA:...., etc.]

- Consequently it is not surprising that many of the software defects just cited have to do with approaches and steps taken in the domain of modelling.

- Steps taken in modelling: In the area of modelling great efforts have been put forth as it is shown by the emphasis which more and more is beeing layed on activities like 'conceptualization', 'conceptual modelling', 'knowledge representation' etc.. and on components likes 'entities', 'objects', 'concepts', 'predicates' etc.

- Defects not eliminated from modelling: A critical review of the practice shows that the 3 relationships where these modelling activities and components play a dominant role still presents us each with a huge gap: